![]() ![]() Grain, for instance, was usually prohibited from export, unless prices were low, because of fears that grain exports would raise the price of food in England and thus cause food shortages and/or civil unrest. Merchants also, however, sometimes smuggled other goods to circumvent prohibitions or embargoes on particular trades. Medieval smuggling tended to focus on the export of highly taxed export goods - notably wool and hides. In England smuggling first became a recognised problem in the 13th century, following the creation of a national customs collection system by Edward I in 1275. Smuggling is often associated with efforts by authorities to prevent the importation of certain contraband items or non-taxed goods however, there has also been smuggling based on illegally exporting goods. ![]() Smuggling has a long and controversial history, probably dating back to the first time at which duties were imposed in any form, or any attempt was made to prohibit a form of traffic. The verb smuggle, from Low German smuggeln or Dutch smokkelen (="to transport (goods) illegally"), apparently a frequentative formation of a word meaning "to sneak", most likely entered the English language during the 1600s–1700s. Smuggling is a common theme in literature, from Bizet's opera Carmen to the James Bond spy books (and later films) Diamonds Are Forever and Goldfinger. These include the participation in illegal trade, such as in the drug trade, illegal weapons trade, prostitution, human trafficking, kidnapping, exotic wildlife trade, art theft, blood diamonds, heists, chop shops, illegal immigration or illegal emigration, tax evasion, import restrictions, export restrictions, providing contraband to prison inmates, or the theft of the items being smuggled. There are various motivations to smuggle. More broadly, social scientists define smuggling as the purposeful movement across a border in contravention to the relevant legal frameworks. Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations. Revenue & Customs officers with seized smuggled tobacco, 2014. ![]() For other uses, see Smuggler (disambiguation). "Baldacci is at the top of his game."Smuggler" redirects here. "A perfect blend of action, secrets, and conspiracies." -Steve Berry "Heart-poundingly suspenseful." -Scott Turow "David Baldacci's best yet." -Lisa Scottoline "Atlee Pine is unforgettable." -James Patterson But unless Pine keeps working the case and discovers the truth, it could spell the very end of democracy in America as we know it. If she disobeys direct orders by continuing to search for the missing man, it will mean the end of her career. But just as Pine begins to put together clues pointing to a terrifying plot, she's abruptly called off the case. It soon seems clear the lost tourist had something more clandestine than sightseeing in mind. So when one of the Grand Canyon's mules is found stabbed to death at the bottom of the canyon-and its rider missing-Pine is called in to investigate. She's the lone agent assigned to the Shattered Rock, Arizona resident agency, which is responsible for protecting the Grand Canyon. Three decades after that terrifying night, Atlee Pine works for the FBI. It's seared into Atlee Pine's memory: the kidnapper's chilling rhyme as he chose between six-year-old Atlee and her twin sister, Mercy. Introducing a remarkable new character from #1 New York Times bestselling writer David Baldacci: Atlee Pine, an FBI agent with special skills assigned to the remote wilds of the southwestern United States who must confront a new threat.
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